Control Tower and Air Traffic Control (ATC) Professional Liability
In many jurisdictions, the airport authority is responsible for the technical management of the Control Tower. Airport Liability Insurance therefore includes a "Professional Services" or "Errors and Omissions" (E&O) component for Air Traffic Controllers. This is perhaps the most catastrophic risk layer, as a single directional error can lead to a mid-air collision.
This document details the "Vicarious Liability" of the airport for the actions of its controllers. It analyzes the "Communication Logs" and "Data Link" requirements used in claims defense. The policy must cover "Loss of Use" claims from airlines if a tower-related error leads to a temporary grounding of a fleet or a runway closure. The technical underwriting for this section is based on "Traffic Volume" and "Mix of Aircraft" (e.g., heavy commercial vs. light general aviation), as the complexity of the airspace directly correlates to the probability of a "Systemic Failure."